var pageData = CQ.HTTP.get(CQ.HTTP.externalize(CQ.utils.WCM.getPagePath() + "/jcr:content.json"));
After that you can retrieve any property you need (assuming it's present in JCR):
var resourceType = pageData ? CQ.Util.formatData(CQ.HTTP.eval(pageData))['sling:resourceType'] : null;
Please do not overuse it because it invokes additional ajax call to server. It's OK to use it in edit mode on author instance.